On these pages, you can get acquainted with the story of Helsinki and the phenomena and turning points in the history of our capital. The City Archives are home to permanently stored archives related to the history and administration of the city. You can also submit a data request for materials you may be interested in.
The story of Helsinki as seen through its arts and culture scene. On the website, you can also explore Helsinki's historical sites by using and interactive map.
Visit the History Helsinki website(Link leads to external service)
Get to know the history of Helsinki in chronological order from prehistory to the 20th century.
Read more on the History Helsinki website(Link leads to external service)
Helsinki has grown over the centuries from a small trading post into the capital of Finland. This timeline brings together the most important turning points in the city’s history.
1550 – Helsinki is founded
King Gustav Vasa establishes Helsinki as a trading town to compete with the Hanseatic trade in the Baltic Sea. This lays the foundation for the city’s birth.
1640 – The University of Helsinki begins its operations
The roots of academic education are established with the Royal Academy of Turku, which moves to Helsinki after the Great Fire of Turku and becomes the present-day University of Helsinki.
1809 – Finland and Helsinki come under Russian rule
The end of Swedish rule changes Finland’s and Helsinki’s political and administrative status, laying the groundwork for Helsinki’s development as an administrative centre.
1812 – Helsinki becomes the capital of Finland
The decision to make Helsinki the capital triggers rapid growth, planned urban development, and strengthens its administrative significance.
1917 – Helsinki as the capital of independent Finland
Helsinki becomes the political, economic, and cultural centre of independent Finland. Its role as the national capital is firmly established.
1952 – The Helsinki Olympics
The Olympic Games bring Helsinki international recognition and accelerate post-war reconstruction, infrastructure development, and the emergence of a modern cityscape.
1982 – The Helsinki Metro begins operation
The metro opens, providing a fast public transport connection between eastern Helsinki and the city centre.
2000 – Helsinki as European Capital of Culture
Helsinki establishes itself as an international player in culture, design, and creative urban development.
2009 – Helsinki expands with the annexation of Östersundom
The annexation increases Helsinki’s area and creates a foundation for new residential districts and sustainable urban development. With this, Helsinki is divided into eight major districts.
2012 – Helsinki as World Design Capital
Helsinki strengthens its profile as an international hub for design, architecture, and creative urban development.
2025 – Architectural competition for the Museum of Architecture and Design
JKMM Architects wins the competition with its proposal Kumma. Construction is set to begin in 2027–2028, and the museum will open in 2030, further strengthening Helsinki’s position as an international city of culture and design.